Climate change has become one of the most severe and far-reaching challenges of our time, with existential consequences for ecosystems, biodiversity, and human populations – as pointed out by the International Court of Justice’s recent advisory opinion. Its impacts extend well beyond the environmental sphere, positioning it as a defining governance challenge with direct implications for human rights, economic resilience, geopolitical stability, and migration systems. Across all regions, rising temperatures, droughts, floods, storms, and land degradation are already reshaping living conditions, undermining livelihoods, and transforming patterns of human mobility.